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Private Perforations on U.S. Vending and Affixing Machine Coil Stamps 1907-1927 The following is a listing of all known private perforation types found on each Bureau issued imperforate stamp. Illustrated are individual imperforate stamps. The perforations were in general applied to strips or sheets of these stamps, not individual stamps. The links above are to illustrations of each private perforation type. This site presents a broad overview and quick reference for the privately perforated coils. For a comprehensive reference, buy the recently published book, Steven Belasco's "Guide to United States Vending and Affixing Machine Perforations 1907-1927". |
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1906-1908 Imperforate from the Designs of the Series of 1902 - Flat Plate
Attleboro · Brinkerhoff · Farwell · International Vending Machine · Mailometer · Schermack · U.S. Automatic Vending |
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| 1¢ Imperforate - Scott 314 Schermack I with 6, 7 or 8 holes Schermack II, III - USAV Ia, Ib, II, III Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
2¢ Imperforate - Scott 320 Schermack I (6, 7 or 8) - USAV Ia,Ib,II,III Schermack II, III - Mailometer I, Ia, II, III, IV Int'l Vending Machine - Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
4¢ Imperforate - Scott 314A* Schermack: III only - *Courtesy Siegel 968B unknown without Schermack III perforations |
5¢ Imperforate - Scott 315 Schermack I (8 holes) Schermack II, III USAV Ia, II, III |
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1908-1910 Imperforate Flat Plate Double-line Watermarked Washington-Franklins
Attleboro · Brinkerhoff · Farwell · International Vending Machine · Mailometer · Schermack · U.S. Automatic Vending |
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| 1¢ Imperforate - Scott 343 Schermack I (8),II,III - USAV Ia,Ib,II,III Farwell 4A4, 4B4 - Brinkerhoff I,II,IIa,IIb Mailometer I, Ia, II, III, IV - Attleboro I |
2¢ Imperforate - Scott 344 Schermack I (8),II,III - USAV Ia,Ib,II,III Farwell 4A4, 4B4 - Brinkerhoff I,II,IIa,IIb Mailometer I, Ia, II, III, IV - Attleboro I |
3¢ Imperforate - Scott 345 Schermack I (8),II,III - USAV Ia,Ib,II,III Mailometer I, Ia, II, III, IV Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
4¢ Imperforate - Scott 346 Schermack I (8),II,III - USAV Ia,Ib,II,III Mailometer I, Ia, II, III, IV Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
5¢ Imperforate - Scott 347 Schermack I (8),II,III - USAV Ia,Ib,II,III Mailometer I, Ia, II, III, IV Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
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1909 Flat Plate Imperforate Commemoratives
Attleboro · Brinkerhoff · Farwell · International Vending Machine · Mailometer · Schermack · U.S. Automatic Vending |
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| 2¢ Lincoln - Scott 368 Schermack I with 6, 7 or 8 holes - Schermack II, III USAV Ia, Ib, II, III - Farwell 4A4, 4B4 Mailometer Ia, II, III, IV - Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
2¢ Alaska-Yukon - Scott 371 Schermack III - Mailometer Ia, II, III, IV Attleboro I vertical perforations USAV Ia, Ib, II, III - Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa |
2¢ Hudson Fulton - Scott 373 Schermack III - Mailometer Ia, II, III, IV USAV II, III - Brinkerhoff II |
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1910-1912 Imperforate Flat Plate Single-line Watermarked Washington-Franklins
Attleboro · Brinkerhoff · Farwell · International Vending Machine · Mailometer · Schermack · U.S. Automatic Vending |
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| 1¢ Imperforate - Scott 383 Schermack II, III - Mailometer I, Ia, II, IV, V Farwell 2B3, 3A2, 3B4, 4B3, 4A4, 4B4, 4A5 USAV Ia, Ib, II, III - Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
2¢ Imperforate - Scott 384 Schermack II, III - Mailometer I, Ia, II, IV, V Farwell I,2A3,2B3,3A2,3B2,3B4,4B3,4A4,4B4,4A5 USAV Ia, Ib, II, III - Brinkerhoff II, IIa, IIb |
1¢ Imperforate - Scott 408 Schermack III - Mailometer Ia, IV Farwell 4A4, 4B4, 4A5, 5A4 USAV Ia, Ib, II, III - Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
2¢ Imperforate - Scott 409 Schermack III - Mailometer Ia, IV Farwell 4A4, 4B4, 4A5, 5A4 USAV Ia, Ib, II, III - Brinkerhoff I, II, IIa, IIb |
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1916-1917 Imperforate Flat Plate Unwatermarked Washington-Franklins
Attleboro · Brinkerhoff · Farwell · International Vending Machine · Mailometer · Schermack · U.S. Automatic Vending |
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| 1¢ Imperforate - Scott 481 Schermack III |
2¢ Type I - Scott 482 Schermack III - Mailometer IV Farwell 4A4, 4B4 |
2¢ Type Ia - Scott 482A Courtesy 2009 Siegel Rarities Schermack III |
3¢ Type I - Scott 483 Schermack III - Mailometer IV |
3¢ Type II - Scott 484 Schermack III |
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1918-1919 Offset Imperforate Washington-Franklins
Attleboro · Brinkerhoff · Farwell · International Vending Machine · Mailometer · Schermack · U.S. Automatic Vending |
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| 1¢ Imperforate - Scott 531 Schermack III |
2¢ Type IV - Scott 532 Schermack III |
2¢ Type V - Scott 533 Schermack III |
2¢ Type Va - Scott 534 Schermack III |
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| 2¢ Type VI - Scott 534A Schermack III |
2¢ Type VII - Scott 534B Schermack III |
3¢ Type IV - Scott 535 Schermack III |
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1923-1925 Flat Plate Imperforates - Series of 1922
Attleboro · Brinkerhoff · Farwell · International Vending Machine · Mailometer · Schermack · U.S. Automatic Vending |
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| 1¢ Imperforate - Scott 575 Schermack III |
1½¢ Imperforate - Scott 576 Schermack III |
2¢ Imperforate - Scott 577 Schermack III |
2¢ Black Harding Schermack III |
| 1914 and 1926 Rotary Imperforates |
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| 2¢ Rotary - Scott 459 | 1½¢ Harding - Scott 631 | |
Somewhere between six and nine genuine examples of the 2¢ rotary stamp of 1912 are known with USAV III perforations. It is generally thought that these were perforated for collectors and not part of the normal USAV production. |
This stamp was issued for the Mailometer Company but the gutters between the panes of stamps were 6mm wider than the gutters on the flat plate sheets, and these rotary sheets did not register properly in the Mailometer machines. Rather than retool their machines, all or nearly all of these sheets were returned. There are no genuine examples of this stamp with Schermack type III perforations known. |
| Private Perforations Applied to U.S. Government Issued Stamps |
| Attleboro Perforations 1909 |
The Attleboro type I perforation runs across the entire margin separated by two narrow 1.1mm to 1.3mm strips. The central oblong/rectangular hole is 13mm wide by 1.5 to 1.8mm high with a V-shaped notch at top. Only three issues of U.S. stamps are known with this perforation, the double-line watermarked 1908 1¢ and 2¢ stamps, Scott 343 and 344, with horizontal perforations and the 1909 double-line watermarked 2¢ Alaska-Yukon commemorative, Scott 371, with vertical perforations. |
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Attleboro Perfs on Washington-Franklins Scott 343, 344 Horizontal Perforations |
Attleboro Perfs on the Alaska-Yukon Scott 371 Vertical Perforations |
| Brinkerhoff Perforations 1909-1916 |
The Brinkerhoff Company originally produced their coil stamps in Sedalia, Missouri, and received licenses to
operate their machines in Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico.
It is not certain in which cities Brinkerhoff had offices, but in 1909 an office in Denver was listed in the city directory. In 1910
the company moved from Sedalia to Lyons, Iowa. The company operated under a variety of names, including at least the following:
the "Nebraska-Iowa Stamp Vending Company", "Brinkerhoff Stamp Vendor", "Postal Vending Manufacturing Co." and possibly the "Tri-State Stamp Vending Company".
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| Brinkerhoff Type I 314,320,320a,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,383,408,409 |
Brinkerhoff Type II 314,320,320a,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,373,383,384,408,409 |
Brinkerhoff Type IIa 314,320,320a,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,383,384,408,409 |
Brinkerhoff Type IIb 314,320a,343,344,345,346,347 368,383,384,408,409 |
| Farwell Perforations 1911-1917 |
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The John V. Farwell Company was a wholesale dry goods firm operating out of Chicago. In 1908 it began using the Schermack stamp-affixing machine to handle its heavy volume of mail. By 1911 it was decided that rather than paying the Mailometer Company a 50¢ per roll surcharge for their Schermack III coils, they might be able to produce their own coils to use in the Schermack machines at a cost saving. The large number of varieties in this group reflects the amount of experimentation that went into getting the stamps to feed properly in the Schermack machine. The nomenclature for these is as follows: The first number describes the number of holes at top and the last number the number of holes at bottom. The letter in the middle describes the spacing, where "A" describes a narrow spacing and "B" a wide spacing. All holes are 1.5mm in diameter, vertically aligned and spaced a more or less consistent .5mm apart. |
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| Farwell Group I - 6 or 7 Holes Found on Scott 384 |
Farwell 2A3 Found on Scott 384 |
Farwell 2B3 Found on Scott 383, 384 |
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| Farwell 3A2 Found on Scott 383,384 |
Farwell 3B2 Found on Scott 384 |
Farwell 3B4 Found on Scott 383,384 |
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| Farwell 4B3 Found on Scott 383,384 |
Farwell 4A or 4A4 Scott 343,344,368,383,384,408,409,482 |
Farwell 4B or 4B4 Scott 343,344,368,383,384,408,409,482 |
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| Farwell 4A5 Found on Scott 383,384,408,409 |
Farwell 5A4 Found on Scott 408,409 |
| International Vending Machine Company Perforations 1906-1908 |
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| International Vending Machine Coil perf 12.5 Found on Scott 320 |
| Mailometer Perforations 1909-1918 |
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The Mailometer type I has holes 1.95mm in diameter spaced 1.2mm apart with a total length of 17.7mm, which distinguishes them from the type Ia perforations by the spacing, the Ia's are 1.15mm apart with an overall length of 17.45mm. The Mailometer type II again has 1.95mm diameter holes spaced 1.15mm apart, but the holes run continuously, with typically eight holes per stamp. The Mailometer type III has continuous perforations, but they are a smaller 1.5mm in diameter and are spaced 1.5mm apart. The Mailometer type IV has five distinctively larger 2.2mm diameter holes spaced 1.1mm apart, with an overall length of 15.5mm. The Mailometer type V is a continuous perforation with 1.8mm holes spaced 1.35mm apart, with some minor variation between spacing. |
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| Mailometer Type I (17.7mm) 320a,343,344,345,346,347,383,384 |
Mailometer Type IA (17.45mm) 320,320b,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,373,383,384,408,409 |
Mailometer Type II 320,320a,320b,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,373,383,384 |
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| Mailometer Type III 320,320a,343,344,345,346,347,368,371,373 |
Mailometer Type IV 320,320b,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,373,383,384,408,409,482,483 |
Mailometer Type V 383,384 |
| Schermack Perforations 1907-1927 |
The Schermack type I perforations may have six, seven or eight small holes, approximately 1mm in diameter and spaced .7mm apart. The early examples of these perforations have ragged holes while the later examples are much cleaner and more regularly spaced. The Schermack type II perforations have six holes 1.55 mm in diameter, larger than the type I holes, with uneven spacing. The Schermack type III perforation is the most common of all the vending and affixing machine perforations, having been used for twenty years. The oblong/rectangular hyphen holes are a distinctive 4.75mm high and 1.25mm wide with 3.25mm spacing. The size and spacing is quite uniform considering the length of production, although some of the early stamps have a slightly smaller spacing between the perforations. Every flat plate imperforate stamp illustrated above is known with Schermack type III perforations. |
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| Schermack I - 8 Holes 314,320,320a,315,343,344,345,346,347,368 |
Schermack I - 7 Holes Scott 314,320,320a,368 |
Schermack I - 6 Holes Scott 314,320,320a,368 |
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| Schermack II - 6 Medium-size Holes Found on Scott 314,320,320a,315,343 344,345,346,347,368,383,384 |
Schermack Type III - Hyphen-holes 314,320,314A,315,343,344,345,346,347,368,371,373,383,384,408,409 481,482,482A,483,484,531,532,533,534,534A,534B,535,575,576,577,611 |
| U.S. Automatic Vending Company Perforations 1907-1915 |
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The U.S. Automatic Vending Company perforations are notable in that they were fed
through the vending machines by engaging the outside edge of the stamp via the 60 degree notches illustrated. The type Ia notches were spaced
15.5mm apart on either side of the stamp's margins with a 10.8mm slit centered between the notches. The type Ib notches were spaced 16mm apart
with an 11mm slit centered between the notches. The type II notches were spaced 19.7mm apart with a 14.5mm slit centered between the notches.
The type III notches were spaced 19.7mm apart on either side of the stamp, but instead of a slit, seven approximately 1.1mm in diameter holes
spaced 1.25mm apart were placed between the notches. This is equivalent to 8½ gauge perforations. The USAV type III is the only private
perforation found on the rare 1914 rotary imperforate, Scott 459.
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| U.S. Automatic Vending Type Ia Scott 314,320 (a,b),315,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,383,384,408,409 |
U.S. Automatic Vending Type Ib Found on Scott 314,320 (a,b),343,344,345,346,347 368,371,383,384,408,409 |
USAV Type II Scott 314,320,320b,315,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,373,383,384,408,409 |
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| USAV Type III Scott 314,320,320b,315,343,344,345,346,347 368,371,373,383,384,408,409,459 |
USAV Experimental First Coil Scott 319 and possibly Scott 300 (Miller Collection) |
USAV Experimental Rosback Perforations - Scott 368 |
| Further reading: Guide to United States Vending and Affixing Machine Perforations 1907-1927 - by Steven Belasco Stamp Machines and Coiled Stamps - by George P. Howard United States Coil Issues 1906-38 - by Martin A. Armstrong The Dr. Joseph Agris Gold Medal Collections of United States Coil Issues - Shreve's Philatelic Galleries United States Postage Stamps 1902-1935 - by Max G. Johl |
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